What Is a Bond Price?
A bond price is the current value of a bond based
on the present value of its future coupon payments
and the principal amount that will be repaid at maturity.
The price of a bond can change during its life as
interest rates, market yields, credit conditions,
inflation expectations and investor demand change.
Bond Price Formula
Bond Price =
Σ [C / (1 + r)t]
+
[F / (1 + r)n]
Where:
-
C =
coupon payment per period
-
r =
yield per period
-
F =
face value
-
n =
total number of coupon periods
-
t =
individual coupon period
Premium, Par and Discount Bonds
A bond can trade above, close to or below its
face value.
-
Premium bond:
Price is above face value.
-
Par bond:
Price is approximately equal to face value.
-
Discount bond:
Price is below face value.
If the coupon rate is higher than the market yield,
the bond will generally trade at a premium.
If the coupon rate is lower than the market yield,
it will generally trade at a discount.
Bond Price Calculator FAQ
Why do bond prices and yields move in opposite directions?
Bond prices generally move in the opposite direction
to market yields because the present value of future
cash flows changes when the discount rate changes.
What is a premium bond?
A premium bond has a market price above its face value.
This commonly happens when its coupon rate is higher
than the prevailing yield on comparable bonds.
What is a discount bond?
A discount bond has a market price below its face value.
This commonly happens when its coupon rate is lower
than the prevailing market yield.
Does this calculator include taxes and transaction costs?
No. The calculator estimates theoretical bond value
from the information entered. Taxes, brokerage fees,
liquidity and other transaction costs can affect an
investor's actual return.
Can I use this calculator for government and corporate bonds?
Yes. The basic pricing formula can be used for many
fixed-rate coupon bonds. However, real-world bonds
may have additional features that require more advanced
calculations.
Important Disclaimer
This calculator is provided for educational and
informational purposes only. It does not constitute
financial, investment, tax or legal advice. Actual
bond prices and returns may differ from the estimates
produced by this calculator.
Always review the specific terms of a bond and consider
professional advice where appropriate before making
investment decisions.